NOTE 7 – NOTES PAYABLE

2017 Convertible Promissory Note

On September 14, 2017, the Company and an individual entered into a convertible promissory note with unilateral conversion preferences by the individual (the “2017 Convertible Promissory Note”). On July 11, 2018, the Company’s Board approved certain changes to the 2017 Convertible Promissory Note wherein the conversion feature was changed from unilateral to mutual between the individual and the Company. 

The Company may at any time on or after a qualified public offering convert any unpaid repayment at the IPO conversion price. The conversion price is the lesser of the (i) price per share of Common Stock sold in the Qualified Public Offering, discounted by 20%, and (ii) the price per share of Common Stock based on a pre-money Company valuation of $50 million on a Fully Diluted Basis.

As of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the total outstanding balance of the 2017 Convertible Promissory Note was $300,000. The maturity date of the 2017 Convertible Promissory Note is based on the payment of 0.6% of quarterly gross revenue until 1.5 times the amount of the 2017 Convertible Promissory Note is paid. Accrued interest on June 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024 was $19,848 and $20,041, respectively. Interest expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 was $ 3,750 and $7,500, respectively. Interest expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 was $3,750 and $7,500, respectively.

2022 Convertible Exchange Notes

On October 28, 2022, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with certain investors pursuant to which we issued convertible notes (“2022 Convertible Promissory Notes”) in the principal amount of $34.5 million, with a debt discount of $4.5 million and issuance costs of $2.3 million. The net amount of proceeds to us from the 2022 Convertible Promissory Notes after deducting the placement agent’s fees and transaction expenses (issuance costs) were approximately $27,703,000. The Company has used the net proceeds of the 2022 Convertible Promissory Notes for general corporate purposes, including funding capital, expenditures, or the expansion of its business and providing working capital.

On January 20, 2023, the Company entered into an Amendment No. 1 to the Purchase Agreement (“Amended SPA”). The Amended SPA amends the notes as described below and was accounted for as a modification of the Purchase Agreement.

Pursuant to the terms of the Amended SPA, on January 20, 2023, the Company exchanged the 2022 Convertible Promissory Notes, on a dollar-for-dollar basis, into 3% Senior Convertible Notes Due 2024 (the “2022 Convertible Exchange Notes”).

The 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes are identical in all material respects to the 2022 Convertible Promissory Notes, except that they (i) are issued pursuant to the Base Indenture (as defined below) and the First Supplemental Indenture (as defined below); (ii) have a maturity date of October 28, 2024; (iii) allow for the Acceleration of Installment Amounts (as defined in the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes) not to exceed eight (8) times the Installment Amount (as defined in the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes) with respect to the Installment Date (as defined in the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes) related to the Current Acceleration (as defined in the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes); and (iv) modify the Acceleration Conversion Price (as defined in the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes).

The 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes were issued pursuant to the first supplemental indenture (the “First Supplemental Indenture”), dated as of January 20, 2023, between the Company and Wilmington Savings Fund Society, FSB, as trustee (the “Trustee”). The First Supplemental Indenture supplements the indenture entered into by and between the Company and the Trustee, dated as of January 20, 2023 (the “Base Indenture” and, together with the First Supplemental Indenture, the “Initial Indenture”). The Initial Indenture has been qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, and the terms of the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes include those set forth in the Initial Indenture and those made part of the Initial Indenture by reference to the Trust Indenture Act.

On July 21, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement and waiver with the holder of the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes (the “Agreement and Waiver,” together with the Purchase Agreement and Amended SPA, the “SPA”) that included (i) extending the Maturity Date to from October 28, 2024 to April 28, 2025; (ii) waive the last sentence of Section 8(e) of the Notes (such that last sentence of Section 8(e) of the Notes shall have no further force and effect) (the “Acceleration Waiver”); (iii) reduce the Conversion Price of the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes to the lower of (A) the Conversion Price then in effect and (B) the greater of (x) the Floor Price (as defined in the Notes) then in effect and (y) 125% of the lowest volume weighted average price (“VWAP”) of the Common Stock during the five (5) consecutive Trading Day period ending and including the Trading Day immediately prior to the effective date; provided, that, in addition, during the period commencing on the effective date through and including September 30, 2023, the conversion price of the Notes, solely with respect to voluntary conversions of such aggregate Conversion Amount of the Notes not in excess of such aggregate Current Installment Amounts of such applicable period (or otherwise eligible to be converted in one or more Accelerations during such applicable period), shall be further lowered to the Installment Conversion Price (as defined in the Existing Note) in effect for the Installment Date (as defined in the Existing Note) of the Existing Note of July 3, 2023; (iv) to extend the Additional Closing Expiration Date to April 28, 2026; and (v) increase the aggregate principal amount of Notes issuable in one or more Additional Closings to $46,000,000. This agreement was accounted for as a modification.

The 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes bear interest at the rate of 3% per annum. The 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes are payable in monthly installments beginning on November 1, 2022 through the maturity date of April 28, 2025 (each such date, an “Installment Date”). On each Installment Date, we will make monthly payments by converting the applicable “Installment Amount” (as defined below) into shares of our Common Stock (an “Installment Conversion”), subject to satisfaction of certain equity conditions, including a minimum $1.50 share price, $500,000 minimum daily volume, and maintaining continued Nasdaq listing requirements among other conditions. If these conditions are not met, installments can be requested in cash. For the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, we made no cash payments, and we issued 8,956,644 and 340,855 common shares as a result of Installment Conversion, respectively. At each Installment Date the note holder may defer some or all of the amount due until the subsequent Installment Date. In between Installment Dates, the note holder also has the option to accelerate certain portions of principal due. At each Installment Date the price used to exchange outstanding notes into Common Stock is based on the lower of (A) 92% of the lowest VWAP of the respective previous five trading days; and (B) the Floor Price ($0.32 as of December 31, 2024). The maximum conversion price is $1.50 per share.

The “Installment Amount” will equal:

Each month, the note holders may accelerate a portion of the note due up to eight times the minimum Installment Amount of $1,437,500.

As of June 30, 2025, the 2022 Convertible Promissory Notes have been repaid in full, and the remaining unamortized debt discount and issuance costs of $33,863 was taken to additional paid in capital.

2023 Additional Notes

On July 24, 2023, pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, as amended, an Investor elected to purchase 3% Series B-2 Senior Convertible Notes in the aggregate original principal amount of $11.5 million (the “2023 Additional Notes”), which 2023 Additional Notes are convertible into shares of Common Stock under certain conditions more fully described in the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes discussed above. The 2023 Additional Notes have an original issue discount of approximately thirteen percent (13%) resulting in gross proceeds to the Company of $10.0 million. The Company currently intends to use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, which includes funding capital expenditures and working capital. The 2023 Additional Notes have a maturity date of July 25, 2025. The 2023 Additional Notes were issued pursuant to the second supplemental indenture, dated as of July 25, 2023, between the Company and the Trustee (the “Second Supplemental Indenture,” and together with the Base Indenture, the “Second Indenture”). The Second Supplemental Indenture supplements the Base Indenture. The Second Indenture has been qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, and the terms of the Additional Notes include those set forth in the Second Indenture and those made part of the Indenture by reference to the Trust Indenture Act.

The 2023 Additional Notes bear interest at the rate of 3% per annum. The 2023 Additional Notes are payable in monthly installments beginning on August 1, 2023 through the maturity date of July 24, 2025 (each such date, an “2023 Installment Date”). On each 2023 Installment Date, we will make monthly payments by converting the applicable 2023 Installment Amount (as defined above under the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes) into shares of our Common Stock (a “2023 Installment Conversion”), subject to satisfaction of certain equity conditions, including a minimum $1.50 share price, $500,000 minimum daily volume, and maintaining continued Nasdaq listing requirements among other conditions. If these conditions are not met, installments can be requested in cash. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, we made no cash payments, and we issued 15,636,297 common shares as a result of Installment Conversion. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, we made no cash payments and issued no common shares as a result of the note holder deferring all 2023 Installment Conversions. At each Installment Date the note holder may defer some or all of the amount due until the subsequent Installment Date. In between Installment Dates, the note holder also has the option to accelerate certain portions of principal due. At each Installment Date the price used to exchange outstanding notes into Common Stock is based on the greater of (x) the Floor Price ($0.40 as of December 31, 2024) and (y) 92% of the lowest VWAP of the prospective five trading days. The maximum conversion price is $1.45 per share.

As of June 30, 2025, the 2023 Additional Notes have been repaid in full, and the remaining unamortized debt discount and issuance costs of $174,415 was taken to additional paid in capital.

2024 Additional Notes

On December 3, 17, and 31, 2024, pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, as amended, an Investor elected to purchase 3% Series B-2 Senior Convertible Notes in the aggregate original principal amount of $4.1 million, $11.5 million, and $18.9 million, respectively, (the “2024 Additional Notes,” together with the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes and 2023 Additional Notes, the “Notes”), which 2024 Additional Notes are convertible into shares of Common Stock under certain conditions more fully described in the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes discussed above. The 2024 Additional Notes have an original issue discount of approximately thirteen percent (13%) resulting in net proceeds to the Company of $30.1 million. The Company currently intends to use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes and will be primarily allocated to supporting the growth of our drone business at OAS. The 2024 Additional Notes have a maturity date of December 3, 17, and 31, 2026, respectively. The 2024 Additional Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture entered into by and between the Company and the Trustee, dated as of December 3, 2024 (the “2024 Base Indenture”). The 2024 Base Indenture was supplemented by three supplemental indentures (the “2024 Indentures”, dated as of December 3, 17 and 31, 2024, between the Company and the Trustee. The 2024 Indentures have been qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, and the terms of the 2024 Additional Notes include those set forth in the 2024 Indentures and those made part of the 2024 Indentures by reference to the Trust Indenture Act.

The 2024 Additional Notes bear interest at the rate of 3% per annum. The 2024 Additional Notes are payable in monthly installments beginning on January 1, 2025, through the maturity date of December 3, 17, and 31, 2026, respectively, (each such date, an “2024 Installment Date”). On each 2024 Installment Date, we will make monthly payments by converting the applicable 2024 Installment Amount (as defined above under the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes) into shares of our Common Stock (an “2024 Installment Conversion”), subject to satisfaction of certain equity conditions, including a minimum $1.50 share price, $500,000 minimum daily volume, and maintaining continued Nasdaq listing requirements among other conditions. If these conditions are not met, installments can be requested in cash. At each 2024 Installment Date the note holder may defer some or all of the amount due until the subsequent 2024 Installment Date. In between 2024 Installment Dates, the note holder also has the option to accelerate certain portions of principal due. At each 2024 Installment Date the price used to exchange outstanding notes into Common Stock is based on the greater of (x) the Floor Price ($0.17, $0.20, and $0.50, respectively, as of December 31, 2024) and (y) 92% of the lowest VWAP of the prospective five trading days. The maximum conversion price is $0.80, $0.88, and $1.60 per share, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, we made no cash payments, and we issued 42,313,703 common shares as a result of Installment Conversion. As of June 30, 2025, the December 3, 2024 note with original principal amount of $4.1 million and the December 31, 2024 note with original principal amount of $18.9 million were repaid in full, and the remaining unamortized debt discount and issuance costs of $2,030,073 was taken to additional paid in capital.

As of June 30, 2025, the total outstanding principal on the 2024 Additional Notes was $5,244,799, net of unamortized debt discount of $554,849 and unamortized issuance costs of $200,352. As of December 31, 2024, the total outstanding principal on the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes, 2023 Additional Notes, and 2024 Additional Notes was $44,617,229, net of unamortized debt discount of $4,746,547 and unamortized issuance costs of $1,801,013. Accrued interest as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $109,879 and $1,558,615, respectively, and is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025, we recognized interest expense of $156,517 and amortization expense of $824,005 related to the debt discount and issuance costs for the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes, 2023 Additional Notes, and 2024 Additional Notes. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, we recognized interest expense of $488,391 and amortization expense of $3,554,007 related to the debt discount and issuance costs for the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes, 2023 Additional Notes, and 2024 Additional Notes. For the three months ended June 30, 2024, we recognized interest expense of $237,502 and amortization expense of $455,179 related to the debt discount and issuance costs for the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes and 2023 Additional Notes. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, we recognized interest expense of $474,661 and amortization expense of $994,705 related to the debt discount and issuance costs for the 2022 Convertible Exchange Notes and 2023 Additional Notes. The remaining unamortized debt discount and issuance costs will be amortized via the effective interest method under ASC 835. Interest expense and amortization expense of the debt discount and issuance costs are included in Interest expense on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Ondas Networks Convertible Notes

On July 8, 2024 and July 23, 2024, Charles & Potomac Capital, LLC, (“C&P”), an entity affiliated with Joseph Popolo, a former director of the Company, elected to purchase Convertible Notes in the aggregate original principal amount of $700,000 and $800,000, respectively, (the “July Networks Convertible Notes”). The July Networks Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of Networks Common Stock (as defined below) or Preferred Stock under certain conditions. The Company used the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, which includes funding capital expenditures and working capital. The July Networks Convertible Notes bear interest at the rate of 6% per annum and have an amended maturity date of December 31, 2025.

On November 13, 2024, pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated November 13, 2024, by and between Networks and a private investor group (the “November Networks SPA”), multiple investors elected to purchase Convertible Notes in the aggregate original principal amount of $2,069,017 (the “November Networks Convertible Notes”), of which $1,000,000 was purchased by C&P. The November Networks Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of Networks Common Stock (as defined below) or Preferred Stock under certain conditions. The Company used the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, which includes funding capital expenditures and working capital. The November Networks Convertible Notes bear interest at the rate of 10% per annum and have a maturity date of September 30, 2025.

On January 15, 2025, pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated November 13, 2024, by and between Networks, the Company, and a private investor group (the “January Networks SPA,” together with the November Networks SPA, the “Networks SPA”), multiple investors elected to purchase Convertible Notes in the aggregate original principal amount of $2,930,983 (the “January 2025 Networks Convertible Notes,” together with the July Networks Convertible Notes and November Networks Convertible Notes, the “Ondas Networks Convertible Notes”), of which $2,000,000 is from the Company. The January 2025 Networks Convertible Notes will (i) bear an interest rate of 10% per annum, (ii) have a maturity date of September 30, 2025, (iii) be secured by all assets of Networks, provided however such secured obligation shall be subordinate to that certain secured note, dated September 3, 2024, by and between Networks and C&P, and (iv) at the option of C&P be convertible into equity securities of Networks upon the closing (a) a Corporate Transaction (as defined in the Note) or (b) a subsequent offering of securities of Networks. The $2,000,000 in Convertible Notes held by the Company has been eliminated in the consolidated financials.

On November 13, 2024 and January 15, 2025, in connection with the November Networks Convertible Notes and January 2025 Networks Convertible Notes, Networks issued the investors warrants to purchase $2,069,017 and $2,930,983, respectively, in shares of preferred stock of Networks, $0.00001 par value per share, at an exercise price of $20.65 per share, of which $2,000,000 is to the Company and has been eliminated in the consolidated financials. The number of warrants exercisable under the Networks SPA is calculated by $5,000,000 divided by the Conversion Price, which is the amount equal to the price per share of Networks’ most senior series of Preferred Stock issued to investors in Networks’ next equity financing date, or if none, then $41.3104. The warrants are exercisable commencing November 13, 2024 through November 13, 2029 and January 15, 2025 through January 15, 2030, respectively. The Company engaged a third-party service provider to carry out an appraisal of the warrants, who ran a Black-Scholes Model to determine the fair value of the warrants as of November 13, 2024 and January 15, 2025, which was $1,220,498 and $549,154, respectively. The initial valuation was assigned to the November Networks Convertible Notes and January 2025 Networks Convertible Notes and the warrants based on their relative fair values, resulting in a total relative fair value of $1,113,063 for the warrants, which was recorded as debt discount.

In the event Ondas Networks consummates an additional equity financing prior to the maturity date, the principal balance and unpaid accrued interest on the July Networks Convertible Notes, November Networks Convertible Notes and January Networks Convertible Notes will be convertible at the option of the Investor into conversion shares upon closing of the next round of equity financing.

As of June 30, 2025, the total outstanding principal on the July Networks Convertible Notes, November Networks Convertible Notes, and January 2025 Networks Convertible Notes was $4,142,861, net of unamortized debt discount of $342,026 and unamortized issuance costs of $15,113. As of December 31, 2024, the total outstanding principal on the July and November Networks Convertible Notes was $2,873,625, net of unamortized debt discount of $650,843 and unamortized issuance costs of $44,549. Accrued interest as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $259,273 and $40,932, respectively, and is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the three months ended June 30, 2025, we recognized interest expense of $97,233, and amortization expense of $357,144 related to debt discount and issuance costs. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, we recognized interest expense of $218,342 and amortization expense of $691,281 related to debt discount and issuance costs. The remaining unamortized debt discount and issuance costs will be amortized straight line over the term of the loan, as there was no material difference when compared to amortization via the effective interest method under ASC 835. Interest expense and amortization expense related to issuance costs are included in Interest expense on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

OAS Convertible Notes

In October and December 2024, multiple investors elected to purchase Convertible Notes in the aggregate original principal amount of $5,200,000, (the “OAS Convertible Notes”), of which $2,000,000 was purchased by C&P and $1,000,000 was purchased by Privet Ventures LLC, an entity affiliated with Eric Brock, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company and OAS. The OAS Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of OAS Common Stock, par value per share $0.0001, or Preferred Stock under certain conditions. The Company currently intends to use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, which includes funding capital expenditures and working capital. The OAS Convertible Notes bear interest at the rate of 5% per annum and have a maturity date of September 30, 2025.

In the event OAS consummates the next round of equity financing prior to the maturity date, the principal balance and unpaid accrued interest on the OAS Convertible Notes will be automatically converted into conversion shares upon closing of the next round of equity financing.

As of June 30, 2025, the total outstanding principal on the OAS Convertible Notes was $5,187,092, net of unamortized issuance costs of $12,908. As of December 31, 2024, the total outstanding principal on the OAS Convertible Notes was $5,162,570, net of unamortized issuance costs of $37,430. Accrued interest as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $164,644 and $36,973, respectively, and is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the three months ended June 30, 2025, we recognized interest expense of $63,561 and amortization expense of $12,193 related to the issuance costs. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, we recognized interest expense of $127,671 and amortization expense of $24,522 related to the issuance costs. The remaining unamortized issuance costs will be amortized straight line over the term of the loan, as there was no material difference when compared to amortization via the effective interest method under ASC 835. Interest expense and amortization expense related to issuance costs are included in Interest expense on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Ondas Networks Secured Note

On September 3, 2024, Networks entered into a Security Note Agreement (the “C&P Security Agreement”) with C&P, in which, Networks may draw, and C&P shall loan Networks, up to $1,500,000 (the “Networks Secured Loan”). Pursuant to the C&P Security Agreement, Networks issued C&P a secured note in the amount of $1,500,000, which amount may be increased or decreased by the mutual written agreement of the parties thereto (the “Networks Secured Note”). The Networks Secured Note (i) bears interest at a rate of 8% per annum, (ii) has an amended maturity date of December 31, 2025, and (iii) is secured by all assets of Networks. As of December 31, 2024, Networks has drawn a total of $1,500,000 on the Networks Secured Note.

On September 3, 2024 and October 7, 2024, pursuant to the C&P Security Agreement, Networks issued C&P warrants to purchase $1,000,000 and $500,000, respectively, in shares of preferred stock of Networks, $0.00001 par value per share, at an exercise price of $20.65 per share. The number of warrants exercisable under the C&P Security Agreement is calculated by $1,500,000 divided by the Conversion Price, which is the amount equal to the price per share of Networks’ most senior series of Preferred Stock issued to investors in Networks’ next equity financing date, or if none, then $41.3104. The warrants are exercisable commencing September 3, 2024 through September 3, 2029 and October 7, 2024 through October 7, 2029, respectively. The Company engaged a third-party service provider to carry out an appraisal of the warrants, who ran a Black-Scholes Model to determine the fair value of the warrants as of September 3, 2024 and October 7, 2024, which was $589,924 and $294,950, respectively. The initial valuation was assigned to the Networks Secured Note and the warrants based on their relative fair values, resulting in a total relative fair value of $556,554 for the warrants, which was recorded as debt discount.

As of June 30, 2025, the total outstanding principal on the Networks Secured Note was $1,500,000. As of December 31, 2024, the total outstanding principal on the Networks Secured Note was $1,273,215, net of unamortized debt discount of $201,136 and unamortized issuance costs of $25,649. Accrued interest as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was $95,956 and $37,107, respectively, and is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. For the three months ended June 30, 2025, we recognized interest expense of $29,260 and amortization expense of $0 related to the debt discount and issuance costs. For the six months ended June 30, 2025, we recognized interest expense of $58,849 and amortization expense of $226,784 related to the debt discount and issuance costs. Interest expense and amortization expense related to issuance costs are included in Interest expense on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Government Grant Liability

Airobotics has received grants from the Israel Innovation Authority (“IIA”) to finance its research and development programs in Israel, through which Airobotics received IIA participation payments in the aggregate amount of approximately $4.0 million through June 30, 2025. All of these are royalty-bearing grants. In return, Airobotics is committed to pay IIA royalties at a rate of 3% of future sales of the developed products, up to 100% of the amounts of grants received plus interest at LIBOR. Through June 30, 2025, approximately $738,000 in royalties have been paid to the IIA. The Company made royalty payments of $7,000 and $0 during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The Company’s royalty liability to the IIA as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, including grants received by Airobotics and the associated LIBOR interest on all such grants, was $3,025,939 and $2,557,182, respectively. The increase (decrease) in fair value of the government grant liability, including LIBOR interest expense accrued, for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 was $267,374 and $(549,017), respectively, which is included in Other income (expense), net on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.